The group of radio buttons underneath are only associated with the P2P search and not the web search. As shown by the screen dump, the user can choose between P2P and web search. Thus, a semantic separation of 'organisers' from 'sponsors' is achieved via structuring the graphical layout in accordance with this simple principle of perceptual organisation.įigure 1.B is taken from Kazaa Media Desktop, where the law of proximity is used in designing the user interface of the popular peer-to-peer (P2P) software. The white space separating the two groups of logos is used to indicate 'grouping', and the proximity of the logos of each groups is thus used to this end. In figure 1.A., we perceive the MTV logo and the logo for the Europe Music Awards as forming a group in the top left corner and the logos of the sponsors as forming a group in the bottom right corner. The law of proximity posits that when we perceive a collection of objects, we will see objects close to each other as forming a group. 22.0.1 Law of proximityįigure 1.A: A real-world example of the law of proximity from MTV Music Awards 2002įigure 1.B.: An example of the use of the law of proximity in interface design - Kazaa Media Desktopįigure 1.C.: A typical "text-book way" of exemplifying the law of proximity The investigations in this subject crystallised into "the gestalt laws of perceptual organization." Some of these laws, which are often cited in the HCI or interaction design community, are as follows. More specifically, they tried to explain human perception of groups of objects and how we perceive parts of objects and form whole objects on the basis of these. Their aim was to investigate the global and holistic processes involved in perceiving structure in the environment (e.g. In the 30s and 40s Gestalt psychology was applied to visual perception, most notably by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka who founded the so-called gestalt approaches to form perception. Thus, Gestalt psychology dissociates itself from the more 'elementistic'/reductionistic/decompositional approaches to psychology like structuralism (with its tendency to analyse mental processes into elementary sensations) and it accentuates concepts like emergent properties, holism, and context. Gestalt psychology attempts to understand psychological phenomena by viewing them as organised and structured wholes rather than the sum of their constituent parts.
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